While pregnancy and childbirth is a universal experience, having a baby in another culture can be full of surprises. Additionally, men and women, as patients and doctors, tend to have different communication styles. Studies in Ghana and Nigeria have documented that pregnant women in these countries saw pedal oedema as a sign that a male child or twins will be born, and were not able to make the connection between the oedema and high blood pressure (Okafor et al., Citation2014; Senah, Citation2003). In addition to the above beliefs during pregnancy, the FGDs revealed some practices in preparation towards labour. Accordingly, choosing where to deliver requires a degree of research and planning. Regarding cord care, it emerged from the study that it was a common practice to dress the cord of the baby and smear it with shea butter. However, babies born at such places may miss out on immunisations given immediately after birth like BCG and OPV. The sequence of events that followed is not entirely clear, but according to Mrs. Koga, she carried the infant outside and laid him on the bank of a pond. By recognizing and appreciating common local beliefs, providers can be better positioned to provide culturally competent care. 2016 statistics show that nationwide 505,759 ($3,723) was the average cost of a natural birth. Even non-pregnant, we are advised to watch our fish intake because of the high mercury levels found in fish. As a disclaimer, my authority on the subject extends no further than that granted to me by the many, many phone calls to hospitals, enquiries at government offices, and hours of searching Japanese websites and hospital homepages once my wife became pregnant and the panic set in of realizing that I had no clue whom I was supposed to call or where I was supposed to go Nevertheless, I hope it will provide some basis to get you off on the right footing should you find yourself in a similar situation. After the birth, mom and baby are carefully shielded from sunlight, even inside the house, where a canopy is hung over the bed. The Awuo mre aduro is given to you in the ninth month and it aids smooth delivery (Woman with child under five, FGD). Secondly, because each pregnancy requires a different level of care there cannot be a fixed fee. (Citation2007), memoing involves putting down initial ideas, issues, observation and patterns that can be connected, compared or contrasted while doing the coding. In order to collect the residence card you would ordinarily need to show your childs passport, but this may not have been issued yet. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. MeSH Childbirth traditions and cultural perceptions of safety in Nepal: critical spaces to ensure the survival of mothers and newborns in remote mountain villages. However, before writing your first comment, please create a display name Anytime I get pregnant it does not stay, so I was told it is because when you are pregnant and you go out people will look at you with evil eyes to spoil your pregnancy. Yu H, He J, Li K, Qi W, Lin J, Szumilewicz A. The demerits are that waiting times for checkups can sometimes be longer, you may not see the same doctor each time you go, and the food and general level of service might not be as good as at the private hospitals and clinics. This is the case for Japanese and foreigners alike. Quality assessment of pre- and postnatal nutrition and exercise mobile applications in the United States and China. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Socio-cultural beliefs and practices during pregnancy, child birth, and postnatal period: A qualitative study in Southern Ghana, 1 World Health Organization Country Office for Ghana, Ghana;2 Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Cultural beliefs and practices of women influencing home births in rural Northern Ghana, Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: A systematic analysis by the un Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00838-7, Maternal death in rural Ghana: A case study in the Upper East region of Ghana, Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective, Beyond symptom recognition: Care-seeking for ill newborns in rural Ghana, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01981.x, Community-based interventions for improving perinatal and neonatal health outcomes in developing countries: A review of the evidence, Maternal care practices among the ultra poor households in rural Bangladesh: A qualitative exploratory study, Causes of neonatal deaths in a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh: Implications for intervention, Qualitative research designs: Selection and implementation, Time to initiation of breastfeeding and neonatal mortality and morbidity: A systematic review, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-S3-S19, A review of cultural influence on maternal mortality in the developing world, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2012.04.002, A two-year review of uterine rupture in a regional hospital, Healthcare in Low-resource Settings: The individual perspective, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2695, Huge poor-rich inequalities in maternity care: An international comparative study of maternity and child care in developing countries, Contextual social cognition and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia, https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182518375, An intervention involving traditional birth attendants in Pakistan, Every newborn: Progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60496-7, Cultural childbirth practices and beliefs in Zambia, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02709.x, Perception of care in Zambian women attending community antenatal clinics, The Ghana community-based health planning and services initiative for scaling up service delivery innovation, Orthodox versus unorthodox care: A qualitative study on where rural women seek healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth in Southwest, Nigeria, Food prohibitions and other traditional practices in pregnancy: A Qualitative study in Western Region of Ghana, The effect of community nurses and health volunteers on child mortality: The Navrongo community health and family planning project, https://doi.org/10.1080/14034940701349225, Nyo dua hli30 days confinement: Traditions and changed childbearing beliefs and practices among Hmong women in Australia, Maternal mortality in Ghana: The other side, Committing to child survival A promise renewed, Phenomenological research methods for counseling psychology, https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.167, Local understandings of vulnerability and protection during the neonatal period in Sylhet district, Bangladesh: A qualitative study, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66836-5. 2.6. You expose the baby to the sun and it will disappear. The topic guides were initially designed in English and translated to the local language using a back-to-back strategy. So, my baby also started feeling thirsty and will be crying uncontrollably. In those instances, doctors should direct all questions and comments to the patient, not the interpreter, to establish a connection and foster lasting, positive health care relationships. For example, some clinics are female only and do not allow males to accompany their partners; some will not deliver the baby if the mother has not been attending that clinic or hospital for regular checkups since early in their pregnancy. All participants signed an informed consent form before participation. However, in higher risk cases such as where the mother is pregnant with twins or is older, the private hospital may advise delivery at a general hospital. Design: In-depth interviews relating to traditional and changed beliefs and practices of pregnancy and childbirth with Thai women in Northern Thailand. Sponsored contents planned and edited by JT Media Enterprise Division. Neonates are perceived to be vulnerable to the evil eyes of jealous community members. For three weeks after childbirth, it is traditional for the new mother to recover in her parents' home, staying in bed. Beyond that, medical institutions are chosen based on word-of-mouth, reputation, proximity to home, and so on. A total of 74 articles are included in this review; 20 articles related to pregnancy, 44 to childbirth, and 45 to postpartum. The belief among participants was that female babies were born with sores in their vulva which needed to be treated with warm dressing to help in the healing process. General hospitals and university hospitals are favoured by some because they have the facilities and medical staff on hand to deal with any complications that might arise during childbirth. As directed by Maynard and Purvis (Citation1994), participants listening to tapes after interviews is an important step in qualitative data analysis even though it is frequently overlooked. The qualitative data were audio-taped using a digital voice recorder. However, majority of them reported that they do not adhere to this practice due to several reasons. These herbs are used at places where there is less expertise in managing antepartum and postpartum haemorrhage. Accessibility At the ceremony the parents take turns feeding the baby, wishing he/she will have abundance of food throughout his/her life. Japanese women's views of having children: the concepts of sazu-kara and tsuku-ru. Data collected in local language was first translated into English by two people; the interviewer and another person and the translation were compared for consistency. Our patients represent a broad spectrum of ethnicities and walks of life, as well as a tapestry of beliefs and customs that help shape their values. Nowadays, however, mothers usually choose to stay indoors for just the first month. Socio-cultural beliefs are common and transcend the entire peripartum period. Also off limits: names that can negatively affect babys well-being (for example, Apple). A woman's cultural background can affect her needs and expectations during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as how she and her family raise children. This is usually the case for women who go to the Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA). You are not required to obtain permission to reuse this article in part or whole. The yellow babies is something that happens. Skip to Page Content, Refine your search: This practice was believed to contribute to making the head round as illustrated with the quotes: We prepare both hot and cold water for the bathing of the baby and then we use shea butter to massage their whole body and then we use cool water to massage their heads (Elderly woman, FGD). Some FGD participants were of the view that the modern contraceptive methods could render a woman barren and therefore preferred to use natural methods. These practices were often aimed at restoring the mother to pre-gestation state and also facilitate the growth of the baby. These codes were turned unto nodes within the software. More than 130 women whose youngest child is under the age of 15 participated in an online survey for this article. To help ease them into motherhood, moms observe la cuarentena (quarantine)a 40-day period when they recuperate from labor by abstaining from sex, physical activity and spicy foods. The predominant language is Twi. Eating soup with nails of pig: thematic synthesis of the qualitative literature on cultural practices and beliefs influencing perinatal nutrition in low and middle income countries. The rural areas have a total population of 36,990 representing 53.5% of the population of the District relative to 46.5% residing in urban localities (GSS, Citation2010). We recommend the safest, most effective treatments based on medical knowledge. Data collection tools and procedure. If this is not treated, it can affect the womans health and that of the child (Postnatal woman, FGD). Your subscription plan doesn't allow commenting. The issuance of a residence card for your child typically takes 14 days (the card will not show your childs photograph so you do not need to prepare one for the application). Their hosts also rub flour on babys eyebrows and hairline to give him a long life. Subscribe to our blog today. Names that are objects (like Apple) or surnames are never allowed, and you must be able to tell the babys gender by his or her first name. The following quote buttresses this assertion by participants: I put towel in hot water and put it the babys fontanelle then I use the hot water to douche the babys navel, private part and buttocks. Also take your Maternity and Children Health Handbook because you will given a small certificate which you should cut out and stick in your handbook. Providing the individual transcripts will breech the confidentiality and anonymity requirement during ethical approval. Published By: Midwifery Just ask any foreign woman who has given birth in Japan. Japan is also one of a handful of countries where episiotomy is still widely practiced. These social practices tend to affect utilisation of some essential maternal and child health practices. The below is designed to give an overview of what to expect, what you need to do, as well as hopefully provide a rough idea of overall expected costs. Before In other words, it acknowledges the social origins of much of human thought and action (what individuals learn by being part of a society), whereas the cognitive portion recognises the influential contribution of thought processes to human motivation, attitudes, and action (Bandura, Citation1999). Narrative study design allows research participants to share their knowledge on a particular study topic (Bowling, Citation2014). We as adults do not eat only one food. Firstly, because being pregnant is not considered an illness or injury to oneselfthe typical remit of health insurance. The following quotes illustrate these positions: before my first delivery they told me not to eat ripe plantain because when you take it you will feel like you are in labour when the time is not even due we shouldnt eat eggs else our babies will become thieves and they said if you eat snails saliva will drool from your babys mouth, I did all this things but my baby didnt drool saliva from the mouth (Woman with child under five, FGD). For the Western culture, we are forbidden to eat raw fish during pregnancy. 3099067 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Here are some pregnancy beliefs and customs from different parts of the world. Conclusion: This study concluded that the cultural beliefs held by these women greatly affected their decision to deliver at home. (Citation2008) to play an important role during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum period and care of neonates. Each culture has its own values, beliefs and practices related to pregnancy and birth. While its not feasible for a doctor to be fully immersed in every culture represented by his or her patients, it is our duty to have a basic understanding of patients needs and communicate with them effectively and in a way that makes them feel comfortable. Good practices need to be identified and promoted whilst harmful practices must be discouraged (Saaka & Iddrisu, Citation2014). To support the financial burden of childbirth, families are given a childbirth lump-sum allowance (, shussan-ikuji-ichikin). Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control toward exercise, together with current levels of . Queries were also run in NVivo to quantify some of the qualitative data and the results exported and added to the qualitative data in the results. Posted on December 8, 2017August 25, 2018, Traditional beliefs and practices in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum: A review of the evidence from Asian countries. According to SCT, three main factors affect the likelihood that a person will change health behaviour: (1) Self-efficacy, (2) Goals, and (3) Outcome expectancies. Japan's environmentalism is entrenched in its history of eugenics. Purposive sampling was employed in selecting participants for this study. That is the reason why I delivered at the TBAs place. These maternity vouchers are included as part of a maternity pack expecting mothers will receive from the local city office which also includes the Maternity and Children Health Handbook (, boshi-kenk-tech). If you're not sure how to activate it, please refer to this site. Consequently, there was the need to introduce them to other foods instead of breastmilk only. In addition, 22 in-depth interviews were conducted among health workers at district, subdistrict, and community levels. Find a Location, Appointment The country has a high and rising proportion of underweight babies, defined as 2.5kg or less at birth. One element of the standard advice for pregnant women in Japan is worrying, however. The K-A International Mothers in Japan is an online community for foreign women raising children in this country. Maintaining health during pregnancy and postpartum involves many things that should be done as well as many things that should be avoided. For many families, the birth of a baby is something that is awaited and celebrated. Liu L, Xiao G, Zhang T, Zhou M, Li X, Zhang Y, Owusua T, Chen Y, Qin C. Children (Basel). And it all starts with effective patient-doctor communication. In this South American country, mothers mark their calendars for the ninth day after babys birththats when they celebrate the little ones arrival with family and friends, who bring sweets and gifts, including money and gold bangle bracelets for baby. It looks like you're using an ad blocker. Its made with water, sugar, cloves, cinnamon and red food coloring, and is first served to the new mom in the hospital. In 2015 . The Dutch embrace natural childbirth, and their medical system reflects thatmost expectant moms see a midwife and only visit an ob-gyn for high-risk pregnancies or complications. The taped interviews were transcribed verbatim into Microsoft word. Cultural and traditional practices, values, and beliefs have been identified by Bazzano et al. In a time of both misinformation and too much information, quality journalism is more crucial than ever.By subscribing, you can help us get the story right. In this study, the socio-cultural practice of confinement rather delayed the initiation of ANC. In the postpartum period, confinement was common because postpartum women were perceived to be weak, fragile and vulnerable to illness. eCollection 2022. Intensifying community-based home visit by health worker has the potential to identify such conditions and offer medical advice. Once 20 days have passed, mother and baby visit the homes of gift givers, where they receive a handkerchief filled with candy (for a good-natured baby) and an egg (for a healthy one). The governments plan seems to be working, since the country has one of the lowest infant mortality rates in the world. The codebook defined the various codes used during coding, their definition, when to use and when not to use such a code and examples of statements that should be considered for coding into particular codes. I do not like the family planning method we get from the hospital. Your Pregnancy Matters, Pediatrics; Cultural competence goes far beyond the Golden Rule treat people as you would prefer to be treated. And because the new mothers body is considered vulnerable, she has to wrap her belly in a cloth girdle or sash called a faja, and keep her head and neck covered as well. It is called jid-teate () in Japanese. In view of that, there are certain socio-cultural beliefs and practices that are supposed to buffer any untoward occurrence. Traditional beliefs and practices in pregnancy and childbirth are prevalent in Asia. Synthesis of the qualitative literature from low and middle income countries on cultural practices and traditional beliefs influencing the perinatal period. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 13(1), 15-26. Note that no proof of income is required at the time of application, but to ensure that payments are in accordance with changing circumstances, each year in June you need to submit an update notification (, genky-todoke) to the municipal offices. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. To add some context to the above, roughly speaking, just over half of women in Japan choose to give birth in a private hospital; just under half in a general or university hospital; and less than 5% opt for a maternity home. The growing recognition of the critical importance of providing care to mothers and newborns and the substantial coverage gaps have prompted a paradigm shift in responding to maternal and newborn health issues. Bookshelf That notwithstanding, the decline rate is slower than expected (Apanga & Awoonor-Williams, Citation2018). Their findings, published in the journal Midwifery, found many Asian women continue to practice a wide range of traditional beliefs and practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. 2016 Jul 28;16(1):192. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0991-z. The study participants indicated they have received education on the need to exclusively breastfeed the baby for 6 months. In Bangladesh, an earlier study reported that confinement of the mother and baby was observed until noai ceremony on day 7 or 9 to protect the baby against any evil (Winch et al., Citation2005). For example, doctors who are not fluent in a patients primary language should enlist the help of an interpreter. al. To receive this you will need to submit a pregnancy notification form (, ninshin-todokeshutsu-sho). The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the most common traditional practices in Asia relating to pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. This means more clothes, more personal items (e.g. Of the 830 daily maternal deaths, 550 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa and 180 in Southern Asia, compared to 5 in developed countries (WHO, Citation2016). or 214-645-8300 Payments are made in February, June, and October of each year to the applicants bank account. Front Nutr. Objective Pregnancy and child birth is the most critical period in the health of women and children and the objective of this study was to explore traditional practices among mothers during . Key conclusions: Men are household leaders in various cultures, and some Ob/Gyn patients defer to their partner for medical decisions. Some help to heal wounds in your stomach after birth (Postnatal woman, FGD). Enema in the form of herbs is given to expectant women during labour as it is believed to facilitate smooth delivery. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). In performing sampling activities, the maximum variation form of the purposive sampling was employed to ensure that a wide range of stakeholders was covered to provide a holistic view about the study topic (Andale, Citation2016). During the elaborate ceremony, the placenta is cleaned, put in a sealed container, wrapped in white cloth and then buried outside of the home. The CHPS concept is designed to provide door-to-door care (Nyonator et al., Citation2005; Pence et al., Citation2007), and has been found to improve provision of maternal and child healthcare services (Nyonator et al., Citation2005). Again, 2.9 million neonates die, with three-quarters of these deaths taking place in the first 7 days of life (UNICEF, Citation2012). I also have some medicine that I apply on the babys body for it to disappear (TBA, IDI). This is crucial if Ghana is to achieve universal health coverage and access to essential perinatal care as envisioned in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Religious beliefs are important in the promotion of a healthy pregnancy and in the prevention of problems during pregnancy and following birth. To better understand maternal health in Asia, Mellissa Withers, associate professor of clinical preventive medicine; MPH student Nina Kharazmi; and clinical research coordinator Esther Lim at the Keck School of Medicine of USC conducted a literature review of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum practices in Asian countries.

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