Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. Too Much Power. Since the Korean War, North Korea has been ruled by a series of autocratic leaders. Imelda Marcos. Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. A semi-presidential (mixed) democracy has a government that needs the majority of support from a legislature to exist and whose head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. Source by babeltravel. The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. Dictatorships suffer from an obvious and significant imbalance of power. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. They are often characterized by their use of violence and repression to maintain power. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. 2. [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. Answer (1 of 9): Depends on what you mean by left-wing. One person holds all of the country's power. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. Deadliest Dictator Regimes in History Maoist Catastrophe Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers. This world dictators list has everyone from Adolf Hitler to Kim Jong Un to many lesser-known rulers. The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Samantha Menzies 22 February 2016, 7:39 pm The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Capitalism is thriving in many parts of the world, with the list. On average, they last twice as long as military dictatorships, but not as long as one-party dictatorships. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. [69], In the time between World War I and World War II, several dictatorships were established in Europe through coups which were carried out by far-left and far-right movements. Members of the group will typically make up the elites in a dictator's inner circle at the beginning of a new dictatorship, though the dictator may remove them as a means to gain additional power. Donal Blaine Aidan Cinhil Haldane, 24th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1074 to 1095. [131] A military coup is often carried out when a regime is threatening the country's stability or during periods of societal unrest. Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain , from 1939 to 1975. [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus The methodology is derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, regardless of geopolitical, geographic, ethnic or religious considerations. A political rival accused Obiang of cannibalism in 2004, but no evidence to support the claim has ever surfaced. To enact policy, a dictator must either appease the regime's elites or attempt to replace them. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. Elections also support the legitimacy of a dictatorship by presenting the image of a democracy, establishing plausible deniability of its status as a dictatorship for both the populace and foreign governments. Dictatorships have shallow levels of freedom. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. The result is that such regimes have no internal checks and balances, and are thus unrestrained when exerting repression on their people, making radical shifts in foreign policy, or starting wars with other countries. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. During the first half of the 20th century, dictatorships took control of a number of technologically advanced countries. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. Today, they are "elected," as true democracies helplessly look on . In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. [135] Negotiated removals are more likely to end in democracy, while removals by force are more likely to result in a new dictatorial regime. Also, dictatorships . the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. Countries that start with: Political participation: 2.22. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. The DD dataset covers the annual data points of 199 countries from 1946 (or date of independence) to 2008. Chad. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. People living under a dictatorship are often persecuted for unethical reasons, including their religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. In the past, they wore olive-green uniforms and used military might to gain power. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. His economic plans have been praised by leaders like Kemal Pasha. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. Kim Il-Sung The first leader of the North Korean dictatorship from 1948 until 1994, he established North Korea as a communist state. The required majority needed to remove the sitting government varies between countries but is termed a vote of no confidence. If you think that today's world is all about democracy, human rights, and freedoms, you live in a total illusion and you should definitely read our list of 15 countries with dictatorships today. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. Uganda. The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. Reading Time: 4 minutes. [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. [137] In the 21st century, dictatorships have moved toward greater integration with the global community and increasingly attempt to present themselves as democratic. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. [134] Revolution takes place when the opposition group grows large enough that elites in the regime cannot suppress it or choose not to. [56] At least 85 such dictators were chosen over the course of the Roman Republic, the last of which was chosen to wage the Second Punic War. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? [8]:457 Elected heads of state are usually referred to as "president." Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. Dominant-party dictatorships or electoral authoritarian dictatorships are one-party dictatorships in which opposition parties are nominally legal but cannot meaningfully influence government. After authoritarian monarchies, these tend to be the longest-lasting dictatorships, as they can more easily install a new dictator if the existing one leaves office (rare) or dies. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Modern dictatorships first developed in the 19th century, which included Bonapartism in Europe and caudillos in Latin America. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. Syria - Well, it depends. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. At the onset of the so-called "third wave" of democracy in 1978, the only democratic regimes were Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela. The . Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. The 20th century saw the rise of fascist and communist dictatorships in Europe; fascism was eradicated in the aftermath of World War II in 1945, while communism spread to other continents, maintaining prominence until the end of the Cold War in 1991. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. The first distinction made is whether a country has a government has legislative responsibility, i.e. [40] Personalist dictatorships often collapse with the death of the dictator. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. [107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The head of state in most parliamentary democracies formally appoint the head of government. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. He became the 22nd president of Liberia on August 2, 1997 and served until August 11, 2003. North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. They differ from other forms of dictatorships in that the dictator has greater access to key political positions and the government's treasury, and they are more commonly subject to the discretion of the dictator. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. Sudan - 1989 to 2019 - Omar al-Bashir. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. A dictator may have a team of officials who advise him or her and help keep the government running, but these officials ultimately have very little control or influence. [11][12] He describes totalitarian regimes as exercising control over politics and political mobilization rather than merely suppressing it. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. [1]:68 The figures at the left show the results in 1988 and 2008. Laos (since 1975) Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. If this institution can be effectively controlled by the dictator, it can become avaluable instruments of control over the population. Changing Human Nature Needs a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" . [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. Due to it, the countries went towards dictatorship. Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. Adolf Hitler known for his Nazi party and the barbarities and fierceness during his autocracy rule. Stability can be weakened when opposition groups grow and unify or when elites are not loyal to the regime. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. While Latin America, Asia, and Africa were already dictatorship countries, they differed from the dictatorships formed in what became known as the Eastern Bloc. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. But this is not the first time Myanmar is having the bitter taste of autocracy, in fact, their governance turned . That said, there are two important differences between dictatorships and autocracies. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. [64][65][66], Dictatorship developed as a major form of government in the 19th century, though the concept was not universally seen pejoratively at the time, with both a tyrannical concept and a quasi-constitutional concept of dictatorship understood to exist. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. The expected result is to coerce citizens into complying with the dictatorships demands in order to benefit from the state-controlled resources. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. The totalitarian dictatorship in the People's Republic of China , from 1949 to the present. The People's Republic of China is currently ruled by President Xi Jinping, who also serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, the country's Vice President, the President of the Central Party School, and the 1st ranked member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee. Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. [56] Caesar subverted the tradition of temporary dictatorships when he was made dictator perpetuo, or a dictator for life, which led to the creation of the Roman Empire. Military dictatorship: 2. [1]:71. [140] Elections are also used to control elites within the dictatorship by requiring them to compete with one another and incentivizing them to build support with the populace, allowing the most popular and most competent elites to be promoted in the regime. [95] A similar phenomenon took place in Korea, where Kim Il-sung created a Soviet-backed communist dictatorship in North Korea[96] and Syngman Rhee created a US-backed nationalist dictatorship in South Korea. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic and an oligarchy. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. Personalist dictatorships are more common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to less established institutions in the region. [32], One-party dictatorships became prominent in Asia and Eastern Europe during the Cold War as communist governments were installed in several countries. [126]This tactic involves policies on land reform, poverty alleviation, public health, housing, education, and employment programs that force citizens to be dependent on the state for relatively adequate living standards. Malcolm Congal Aidan Julian Haldane, 23rd king of Gwynedd, reigned 1025 to 1074. Dictatorships that fail to repress the opposition are susceptible to collapse through a coup or a revolution. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. Infiltration involves disseminating individuals loyal to the dictatorship and its ideals across civil society and local community elites. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) For democracies, it categorizes them into three types: parliamentary, semi-presidential and presidential democracies. 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Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. [128]. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community.

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